Landscape Procurement Plan

Scene Project Procurement Plan 1. Outline: Following a significant remodel and expansion to the house, an overhaul of the front yard is required. This overhaul will incorporate the front yard that is roughly 65 ft wide by 70 ft profound. The territory is limited on the south side by the house and a wooden fence, on the west side by a continuation of the wooden fence for roughly 40 feet. The north side is to the property line, and the east side is limited by the carport. There is a walkway that leaves from the house to around 25 feet and goes to the garage. The territory encased by the carport and walkway is roughly 350 ft2.The significant parts of this update comprise of reviewing and expelling abundance soil staying from redesign, introduce electric wiring for outside lighting, introduce hardscape, scene structure and establishment of the plants and trees. What is excluded from the extent of this task is the seeding of the grass territory, yard support, evacuation of existing plants and painting/recoloring of existing wall. 2. Make or Buy Analysis: While my better half and I can play out most of the assignments related with the scene overhaul, the requirements of time and labor limit the measure of work that we will perform.Below is the Make or Buy Analysis. Task| Make/Buy| Reason| Excavate/Grade yard| Buy| Limited understanding on a Bobcat. More practical to recruit the work out. Scene organizations routinely play out this sort of work| Install electric wiring| Make| Husband is a circuit repairman and is able to play out the work| Landscape design| Buy| Not talented in scene design| Installation of plants| Make and buy| This assignment will be a blend. The bigger trees and plants will be introduced by the nursery. We will introduce the littler plants. Introduce hardscape| Make| These things will be bought and introduced following the plants as time and spending plan permit. | 3. Obtainment needs: a. Unearthing/reviewing b. Electrical materials c. Scene struct ure d. Establishment of plants e. Establishment of hardscape 4. Explanation of work: Task| Statement of Work| Excavation/grading| Soil stays from the uncovering of the establishment and new storm cellar segments of the expansion. Most of the dirt will be evacuated to another area on the property to fill in low spots.This soil will be spread in a way that will bring about a sensibly level area comparative with the encompassing region. Following expulsion of the abundance soil, the front yard will be re-shaped by the details delineated in the scene structure. | Electrical| The electric will comprise of outside evaluation wiring/channel running from the principle electric board situated in the upper east corner of the storm cellar. The outside lighting will be on its own circuit with committed breakers. The channel will be put beneath grade and stretch out past the walkway, to the edge of the driveway.An outside appraised intersection box will be introduced with extra associations with permit extension of the outside lighting varying later on. An outside light shaft and apparatus will be introduced that incorporates, at any rate, one outside outlet. Extra course will be put beneath grade toward the northwest corner of the house. A LB will be introduced to bring the electric wiring over-the-ground to give capacity to two outside outlets for general use. | Landscape design| Evaluation of soil type and condition, height and directionality of front yard to be completed.Based on this assessment, any alteration or supplementation of the dirt will be proceeded varying. A choice of trees, bushes, and perpetual plants will be picked, all in all recognized as â€Å"plants† all through the rest of the arrangement. The structure of the scene will incorporate the review graph, the planting schematic and all consideration directions for chose plants. At least three interchange plants will be given notwithstanding the plant distinguished in the structure. Most of the pla nts should be viewed as local to the Midwest. Trees and tall bushes must be found away from overhead force and telephone lines.The configuration must incorporate what is on the whole known as 3 season plants, which have sprouts, seed heads, and so forth noticeable during spring, summer and fall. Every decorative grass must be under 4 foot tall. At least 2 blossoming trees must be remembered for the plan. One enormous tree, characterized as 10 †12 foot tall, with trunk width of at any rate 6 inches, must be incorporated also. The structure will incorporate evergreen just as deciduous plants and bushes. The general structure ought to be distinguished as low upkeep, comprising of adequate plantings to limit weeds, recognizable proof of different spreads, for example, hardwood mulch and enlivening stone/rock. Establishment of plants| The plants will be introduced by the settled upon structure and plant choice. On the off chance that, in any way, shape or form, a plant isn't accessi ble, a substitute will be picked and introduced in its place. Plants will be introduced with fitting consideration to limit any stun or injury continued by the plants. Following establishment, return visits to assess the wellbeing of the plants will happen at settled upon stretches as suitable. Should any plant not be flourishing, or proceeding true to form, the plant might be supplanted with a substitute recognized in the structure plan. Establishment of hardscape| Hardscape is commonly characterized as changeless apparatuses, for example, sculpture, wellsprings, and so on in a nursery or scene setting. All areas will be set up as indicated by the structure and the hardscape highlights distinguished in the scene configuration will be bought OTS or worked as time and financial plan permit. | 5. Acquisition Documentation: The documentation required to get administrations for every movement is recorded beneath. Task| Documentation Type| Appendix| Excavation/grading| Request for Quote| A| Electrical materials| Request for Quote| B| Landscape design| Request for Proposal| C|Installation of plants| Request for Proposal| D| Installation of hardscape| Request for Quote| E| 6. Agreement Types: The sort of agreement that will be offered with each assignment. Task| Contract Type| Excavation/grading| Firm Fixed Price| Electrical materials| Purchase Order| Landscape design| Firm Fixed Price| Installation of plants| Time and Material| Installation of hardscape| Purchase Order| 7. Assessment measures and determination process f. Accessible choices per action g. Assessment measures h. Suggestion Pre-Qualified Sellers per Activity Task| Supplier| Location| Phone number|Excavation/grading| Waldbart and Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Electrical materials| Frost ElectricHome DepotLowes| Collinsville, IlEdwardsville, ILEdwardsville, IL| | Landscape design| Waldbart and Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingTh e Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Installation of plants| Waldbart and Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Installation of hardscape| Waldbart and Sons LandscapingEarthtones LandscapingThe Garden Kingdom| Bunker Hill, IlLebanon, IlGlen Carbon, Il| | Evaluation Criteria and Selection Process Task| Evaluation Criteria| Weight|Excavation/grading| CostQualityReferences| 50%25%25%| Electrical materials| CostService| 50%50%| Landscape design| CostQualityReferences| 40%30%30%| Installation of plants| CostQualityReferences| 40%30%30%| Installation of hardscape| CostQualityReferences| 50%30%20%| Criteria Analysis Excavation/Grading| | Waldbart and Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 75| 37. 5| 88| 44| 92| 46| Quality| 25| 92| 23| 97| 24. 25| 89| 22. 25| References| 25| 97| 24. 25| 95| 23. 75| 83| 20. 75| Total| 10 0| | 84. 75| | 92| | 89| Electrical Materials| | Frost Electric| Home Depot| Lowes|Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 85| 42. 5| 93| 46. 5| 93| 46. 5| Service| 50| 98| 49| 80| 40| 98| 49| Total| 100| | 91. 5| | 86. 5| | 95. 5| Landscape Design| | Waldbart and Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 40| 86| 34| 91| 36. 4| 88| 35. 2| Quality| 30| 92| 27. 6| 89| 26. 7| 97| 29. 1| References| 30| 96| 28. 8| 89| 26. 7| 98| 29. 4| Total| 100| | 90. 4| | 89. 8| | 93. 7| Installation of Plants| | Waldbart and Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteria| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 40| 90| 36| 96| 38. 4| 85| 34|Quality| 30| 93| 27. 9| 90| 27| 92| 27. 6| References| 30| 95| 28. 5| 88| 26. 4| 93| 27. 9| Total| 100| | 92. 4| | 91. 8| | 89. 5| Installation of Hardscape| | Waldbart and Sons| Earthtones| Garden Kingdom| Criteri a| Weight (%)| Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Weighted Score| Cost| 50| 75| 37. 5| 80| 40| 85| 42. 5| Quality| 30| 75| 22. 5| 85| 25. 5| 90| 27| References| 20| 88| 17. 6| 70| 14| 92| 18. 4| Total| 100| | 77. 6| | 79. 5| | 87. 9| Final Selection Each of the distinguished merchants can play out completely required undertakings plot in the announcement of work and for the most part play out these errands as a solitary contracted job.The last determination of seller depends on the most elevated normal weighted score. My significant other will play out the electrical work, buying materials from the chose seller underneath. Task| Company| Excavation/grading| The Garden Kingdom| Electrical materials| Lowe’s| Landscape design| The Garden Kingdom| Installation of plants| The Garden Kingdom| Installation of hardscape| The Garden Kingdom| 8. Calendar Dates: At least 10 days lead time will be given to the commencement of the venture to guarantee electrical work will be finished. The lead times will likewise be subject to climate conditions. In the event that downpour delays work, the timetable will be adj

Answering the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Addressing the inquiries - Assignment Example Meetings involve a great deal and it is important to translate everything heretofore with the end goal that during information planning I would have everything down. This incorporate, responses to all inquiries questions, non-verbal communication of the interviewee and all the word classes used(Gall, Gall, and Borg, 2003). The coding of messages before an examination is essential to subjective substance investigation. This is on the grounds that slight contrasts in unit characterizing can prompt off base choices during coding(Gall, Gall, and Borg, 2003). In this way, unit of investigation can be characterized as the component of composing that is classified during content examination. A model is that during aninterview, an interviewee can utilize a word to depict their whole inclination. This is noted and not really advised to the interviewee yet utilized during coding. So as to create classifications they must be sourced. Wellsprings of classifications can be found in specified speculations, related works or information taken during information readiness. In this stage inductive thinking is utilized to create hypotheses while thinking, inductive and deductive, are utilized to code schemes(Gall, Gall, and Borg, 2003). The coding plan must be exact as any slip-up will prompt an alternate choice which will make all information wrong consequently wrong discoveries and ends. In this manner, a test on the coding plan must be done to test its authenticity(Creswell, 2007). This must be done rapidly to affirm and build up the plan for use on the information planning. Consistency must be underscored in case a slip-up is done to demolish the entire information. In the wake of checking everything like coding realness and consistency and coding the entire content from the meeting the time has come to close. Record discoveries which will have been created through recreations of coded information. Suggestions will be made to preclude suppositions. At last, subsequent to closing the discoveries and composing the down the

Writing Essays To Help You Succeed In College

Writing Essays To Help You Succeed In CollegeStudents who want to write an argumentative essay in college should make sure that the topics they have been written in a style and manner that will be very helpful in developing their writing skills. The college writing staff will appreciate this type of attention, because this type of essay will be useful to them in creating quality instruction and teaching material.It is not difficult to write an argumentative essay, but it does take a lot of practice to get good at the style and method of writing. It is a good idea to take advantage of the instructional material that is available. There are some examples of argumentative essays and they can help you with the style and method of writing that is required to have a successful argumentative essay.Students should try to find an interesting essay topic and one that interest them. They should know the topic well enough to be able to describe it to the reader. In the first paragraph, they shou ld be prepared to answer the question, 'What is the topic?' In the second paragraph, they should answer the question, 'What makes the topic interesting?'Students should take the time to organize the essay by category. If they can, they should give it a clear head on its goals. In the first paragraph, they should begin by describing the goal of the argumentative essay. They should then identify the topic.Students should create an outline for their argumentative essay. They should write it using a narrative format, starting from the beginning to the end. When they are writing the final draft, they should be able to incorporate the entire outline in the essay.Students should ask themselves what they will be covering in the essay. The argumentative essay is a powerful persuasive essay that should be clear about what it is trying to accomplish. It should show the reader how they can benefit from the information that they are being given. Students should make sure that the essay is thorou gh and organized.Students should use the major points of the essay to create an outline for the rest of the arguments. The key is to lay out each argument so that the entire argument can be answered in the conclusion of the essay. The introduction should be used to tell the story and to explain what the readers should expect from the essay.The writing staff will appreciate the work that is being done in the introduction. This is the part of the essay that will tell the readers why they should take the time to read the rest of the essay. Most importantly, the introductory paragraph is the first part of the essay that will create a strong start for the rest of the essay.

A Study of Keynesian Economics - 1073 Words

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Companies and production outlets will have an additional incentive to produce and sell more on the market, since the market is more active in purchasing the products and services that they sell. In turn, in order to reach higher levels of production, the companies and firms need to hire more employees. The unemployment levels will decrease overall in the economy, since this is an aggregate phenomenon. The eventual theoretical conclusion should be that the economy will aim towards full employment, underShow MoreRelatedClassical Economics And Keynesian Economics1124 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Economics and Keynesian Economics has given me the opportunity to form an opinion on this greatly debated topic in economics. After researching this topic in great lengths, I have determined the Keynesian Economics far exceeds greatness for America compared to that of Classical Economics. 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Critical Pedagogy And How It Benefit The Educational System

Critical Pedagogy Primer by Joe Kincheloe presents interesting insight on critical pedagogy as he explained how this is relevant within our educational system. Reading this article helped me gain more of an understanding of critical pedagogy and how it benefits the educational system. Kincheloe (2004) said, â€Å"proponents of critical pedagogy understand that every dimension of schooling and every form of educational practice is a politically contested space. Shaped by history and challenged by a wide range of interest groups, educational practice is a fuzzy concept as it takes place in numerous settings, is shaped by a plethora of often-invisible forces, and can operate even in the name of democracy and justice to be totalitarian and oppressive.† Historically, the process of education has been a part of the political sphere for better or for worse as our educational system is a reflection of our society’s current political state. 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Religion Shaping America Essay - 895 Words

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Throughout the 1600s, 1700s, and 1800s, groups such as the Puritans, Great Awakening preachers, and abolitionists left a lasting Christian legacy on specific peoples such as Native Americans, andRead MoreA Christian Nation Through The Eyes Of A Son Of Indian Immigrants991 Words   |  4 Pagesrealize the influence Christianity has on daily life around the world quite like one who can be considered an â€Å"outsider†. My parents are Sikh immigrants from the Punjab region of India. Even being raised in a Sikh family, I was always familiar with the religion. Our school breaks were scheduled around Christian holidays, we said the Lord’s Prayer before all of our football games, and I was even taken to church, where people who would never sing even in the car, sang to all out of their love for Christ.

Research Undertaken On Kellogg Company- Click for free Solution

Question: Describe about A research is undertaken on Kellogg Company ? Answer: Introduction A research is undertaken on Kellogg Company and the current and future potential of the strategies being pursued by it is studied. The methodology in the research analysis involves five main approaches (Kuada). First, a financial analysis is made on the financial reports of the firm. This analysis is made by comparing it with the performance of the previous year as well as through comparison with its immediate competitor- General Mills Inc.(Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield). Second, an external analysis is made on the firm using the PESTLE analysis and Porters five forces model(Weil and Francis). Third, the internal analysis of the firm is made through a value-chain analysis, resource-based analysis and SWOT analysis. Fourth, the strategies unique to Kellogg company are analyzed and recommendations given regarding future strategies that the management should take (Jiambalvo). Finally, the research is concluded with alternatives of specific strategic actions from the study undertaken History Kelloggs was started by the Kellogg brothers in 1906. It became the worlds leading manufacturer in cereal breakfast. It has manufacturing plants in Asia, UK, Australia, Canada and Latin America. Their wide cereal ranges of products include Kelloggs Corn Flakes, Special K, Rice Krispies, Fruit nFibre and Nutri-Grain cereal bars. Financial Analysis to assess a companys health Financial ratios show comparisons between specific information from the income statement and balance sheet of the company. Comparing the financial performance of Kellogg to the previous year helps to identify problems in the firm which helps management to take strategic decisions. The percentage change is calculated by finding the difference between the current year and the previous year and dividing it by the previous year (Tracy). Financial Analysis Over Time Table 1 Financial Analysis over Time Kellogg Co Current Year 2015 (In $) Prior Year 2014 (In $) % Change Income Statement Sales 13.53B 14.58B -7.23 Gross Profit 4.68B 5.06B -7.5 Selling, General and Admin Expense 3.09B 1.02B 202.9 Net Income 614M 632M -2.8 Balance Sheet Cash 251M 443M -43.3 Inventory 1.25B 1.28B -2.43 Other Current Assets 391M 342M 14.38 Total Assets 15.27B 15.15B 0.79 Current Liabilities 5.74B 4.36B 31.65 Long-term Debt 5.29B 5.94B -10.9 Total Liabilities 13.13B 12.3B 6.75 Retained Earnings 6.6B 6.69B -1.35 Shareholders Equity 2.14B 2.85B -24.9 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 0.56 0.77 Quick Ratio 0.35 0.47 Cash Ratio 4% 10% Profitability Ratios Gross Margin 0.35 0.35 Operating Margin 0.08 0.07 Net Profit Margin 0.06 0.06 ROE% 24.97 19.96 ROA% 4.04 4.13 EPS 1.74 1.76 Dividend per share 1.98 1.90 Source: Amigobulls(Amigiobulls) From Table 1, we analyze the financial performance of Kellogg by comparing the present year with its previous year performance In the income statement, the sales have decreased by 7.23% as competitors are capturing consumers of Kellogg. The selling, general and administrative expenses have doubled due to higher salary and high advertising expenses. Kellogg has to improve its sales and decrease costs, though the net income shows only a marginal decrease of 2.8% (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt). In the balance sheet, cash at hand has decreased significantly by 43.3% while inventory change is mild. However the total assets have not changed much. The current liabilities have also increased significantly while shareholders' equity has declined. The total liability has increased slightly while retaiing earnings have declined marginally(Gibson). This shows that liabilities are increasing and assets are decreasing when compared to the previous year in Kellogg The quick ratio and the current ratio below 1 shows that the ability of the firm to meet its short term obligations is decreasing, which does not speak well of the profitability of the business(Vandyck). The gross profit margin and the net profit margin are the same which show that there is no growth in the company and management inefficiency. The ROE has increased over time showing that the market value of the equity share has improved showing good performance of equity capital (Beccalli and Poli) Return on assets which show the efficiency and profitability of the business has marginally decreased. This tells that the assets available for generating income have come down to show the efficiency of management has also come down marginally(Palmer). The Earnings per share (EPS) which helps to assess the profits available per share is also marginally down and dividend per share is also down(Murthy and Gurusamy). Financial Health in comparison with competitor Table 2 Financial health of Kellogg in comparison with its closest competitor- General Mills Inc. (GIS) 2015 Case Firm Kellogg (in $) % Closest Competitor(s) GIS (in $) % Income Statement Sales 13.53B 100% 17.63B 100% Gross Profit 4.68B 34.58 5.95B 33.74 Selling, General and Administrative Expenses 3.59B 26.53 3.87B 21.95 Net Income 614M 4.53 1.53B 8.67 Balance Sheet Cash 251M 1.64 334.2M 1.52 Receivables 1.34B 8.77 1.39B 6.32 Inventory 1.25B 8.19 1.54B 7.01 Total Current Assets 3.24B 21.21 3.79B 17.25 Total Assets 15.27B 100 21.96B 100 Total Current Liabilities 5.74B 43.71 4.89B 29.52 Total Liabilities 13.13B 100 16.57B 100 Retained Earnings 6.6B 308 11.99B 222 Shareholders Equity 2.14B 100 5.39B 100 Source: Morning Star(MorningStar) The income statement compared to sales, shows that GIS has a bigger turnover in sales. The gross profits are almost the same, but the net income is double that of Kellogg as its expenses are less than that of Kellogg (Nasdaq). The Balance Sheet shows that GIS has a high asset figure, though its current assets and receivables are lower than Kellogg. The current liabilities of GIS are almost half of Kellogg. This shows that Kellogg is underperforming due to consumers switching brands and purchasing from its competitors. Table 3 Financial Ratios for Case firm and closest competitor for 2015 Ratio Case Firm Kellogg Co Closest Competitor(s) GIS Current Ratio 0.56 0.81 Quick Ratio 0.35 0.52 Debt-to-equity Ratio 6.17 1.44 Debt-to-total Assets Ratio 50.83 38.11 Inventory Turnover(TTM) 6.88 7.09 Total Asset Turnover 0.89 0.78 Gross Profit Margin 0.35 0.34 Net Profit Margin 0.45 0.50 Return on Assets 4.02 8.42 Return on Equity 28.85 34.88 Source: Market Watch (MarketWatch) On analysis of the ratios the profitability ratios (current and quick ratios) show better performance though both are below the required level of 1. Both firms are not able to meet financial obligations, though GIS shows better performance than Kellogg. The debt to equity is better in GIS, while debt to assets show poor performance as debts surpass assets in both firms. The gross profit and net profit margin are on the same footing while the return on equity is good in both firms. The return on assets is marginally better in GIS when compared to Kellogg. External Analysis of Kellogg The external analysis of Kellogg is studied through a general study of the environment through the PESTLE analysis and Porters Five Forces Strategies to look into the industry dynamics. General environment Kellogg Company sells its products in 180 countries. As a global food company, its main objective is to nourish families with breakfast foods, snacks and frozen meals through its array of taste preference and dietary needs(Kellogg). PESTLE Analysis The PESTEL analysis helps to identify macro-environmental forces that affect the business such as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and environmental factors to identify key factors (Baxter). Political: The U S have drawn new reforms for obese children with focus on cereal products intake(Helpisch). Economical The financial downturn has deteriorated the financial supply in the hands of the people thereby affecting the food market. The increasing unemployment rate, decreasing GDP, increasing inflation rate and low rate of the dollar has decreased sales while increasing competition. Social: With importance given to health and nutrition, intake of cereal foods is on the increase. The obesity factor -among children and adults has also improved, the demand for light food.. Technological: Increasing costs for RD as well as advertisement has decreased the profits made by firms. Recycled packaging are more in demand with environment-friendly consumers. Legal: The American Health Association has increased the number of health claims among the American citizens. Price war due to globalization (need for standardized food) and competition has its impact on the industry. Environmental: Recyclable packages and ecological packagings have increased costs. Demand has increased with demand for natural and fiber foods(Taylor)(Johnson) Porters Five Forces Michael E Porter developed a strategic approach to assess various competitive forces that affects a firm and provided a model to formulate strategies that can raise barrier forces and take advantage of these forces. He identifies these forces as (Michael): Competition: The industry has many large competitors such as General Mills Inc., Kraft. Price competition is high and intense with each firm trying to capture the market Substitution: The cereal industry has many substitutes due to private labels which are available at cheaper rates. Threat of Entry Barriers to entry is high as it involves high capital expenditure; access to distribution channels is tough and brand loyalty is high The bargaining power of buyers: The cereal industry has a low buying power and does not influence the buying market The bargaining power of suppliers: With private labels, products are available at cheaper rates from suppliers who are agricultural producers of cereals(Porter and Norton, Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers) . Internal Analysis of Kellogg1. The primary goal of managers is to identify the strength and weakness of the firm along with the external opportunities and threats. The internal analysis of Kelloggs is done by Value-chain analysis Resource-based view on the firm SWOT Analysis Fujii) Value Chain Analysis: This analysis helps to understand the cost position and identify multiple means to facilitate implementation of a chosen business-level strategy (Porter and Norton, Using Financial Accounting Information: The Alternative to Debits and Credits)(Tybout and Calder, Kellogg on Marketing). Two activities involved are: Primary Activities Inbound Logistics The quality of the product is maintained by having good suppliers who also deal with the manufacturing, packaging and transport of services. Operations As Kellogg has a global market, it has an office in each country in which it function which can transform its raw materials into finished products ready for sale Outbound Logistics The end product has to reach the consumer, and this is done through a multi-layer channel system. Marketing Sales Kellogg has achieved brand loyalty with consumers identifying its products Steps to increase brand awareness are also taken Service: Providing consumer service through good products according to customers taste and environment friendly packages are services done for the consumer Support Activities Firm Infrastructure: Kellogg has satisfied its customers by providing various services that suits it customers and the organization. Services offered are quality product that cater to taste and preference of consumers, quality control measures, good internal control, etc. Human Resource Management Performance measures are made to develop healthy competition and bring in better staff performance Merit rewards are awarded to motivate employees Kellogg Business Leaders Model has helped in the quality of staff performance and progress of the company Kelloggs recruits staff on an international basis giving preference to staff quality Training for individual career performance helps in better attitude of the staff Technology Development With consumers becoming more health conscious, RD expenditure on nutrition and health is high Special cereals for men is the new product developed Procurement As competition is high with price-wars, costs of raw-material purchase has to be economical Resource-based Analysis The resources of Kellogg Company are tangible, intangible and capabilities. Tangible resources are resources that are clearly visible. Kellogg has its outlets at strategic location and specifically trained employees as its strength, though workers are available at low salaries to competitors Intangible resources are resources that are not visible, but gained through its good reputation, high brand image, quality products and value of the company. It has built a sustainable competitive advantage which would be difficult to replicate. Capabilities such as innovative capabilities and marketing capabilities help to transform enterprises to achieve company performances. SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis is a simple planning tool. If used correctly, the managers can develop a smart marketing plan that serves as a catalyst for proper planning. However, it is criticized because it does not give serious consideration to the issues and is considered as a sterile academic exercise that classifies information and data(Ferrell and Hartline) . Strength It is a leading fiber brand in the market It follows a high corporate social responsibility and environment awareness It has computerized warehousing(Baran and Galka) Weakness Awareness about the brand is weakening Advertising investment is high as it has limited scale Inner health is the new concept that consumers prefer to fiber food Opportunities People are interested in healthy food There is a boom in the baby market as well as in consumers over the age of 55 Internet advertising Threats It faces competition from General Mills and Kraft Consumers prefer the taste with nutrition Private label growth(Dranove and Marciano) Strategies of Kellogg and strategies of competitors Competing Firms in the Food Processing Industry Some of the competitors of Kellogg are General Mills Inc. (GIS), Cascadian Farms, Kraft and store brand cereals. However, its biggest competitor is General Mills. Health consciousness, population growth rate, price of raw materials and grains, per capita disposable income Kellogg is a leading manufacturer of ready to eat cereal as well as convenience goods. It holds 34.2% market in cereal foods in the US. It has posted consistent net profit and sales revenue . Kraft Foods Inc. is a large beverage and food company in North America. It is also the second largest in the world. After acquiring Cadbury in 2010, Kraft has strong revenue and operating profit earnings in all snack segments. General Mills are global food manufacturers selling consumer foods through retail stores. They supply to baking industries and food services Kellogg: Firm under Study Strategic Intent The mission statement is to drive sustainable growth through the power of our people and brands by better serving the needs of our consumers, customers and communities. Its vision is to be the food company of choice. Kellogg Company is a long-time industry leader in marketing and innovation. The value statement is we build great brands and make the world a little happier by bringing our best to you It is the global leader in its production of cereals, crackers, cookies, toaster pastries, fruit-flavored snacks, veggie foods and frozen waffles. Its brand includes KelloggsKeebler, Eggo, Pop-Tarts, Mini-Wheats, Nutri-Grain, Rice Krispies, Famous Amos, Austin, Sandies, Murray, Bear, Gardenburger, Monringstar Farms and Stretch Island (Johnson). Strategic Organization The board of directors has assistance from three committees: the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee. Kellogg has a multi-divisional organization structure. It gives autonomy to its local units to function within the overall values and goals of the headquarters (Gupta, Gollakota and Srinivasan). Corporate Strategies To have sustainable growth by introducing a nutritious product, improving brand name and packaging To grow its cereal market and expand in snacks To have realistic targets(Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson). Marketing Strategies With breakfast cereal sales sliding in the US, cereal makers are using various strategies to reclaim their business. Kellogg, which is the worlds largest cereal producer is using new tactics on its old brand such as Disney Frozen-themed cereal and Special K Protein. New product lines are also introduced that includes granola and muesli cereals. General Mills, makers of iconic cereals like Lucky Charms, Wheaties and Cheerios is taking steps to eliminate artificial color and flavor from 90% of its cereals by 2016. Products like Reeses Puffs and Cocoa Puffs and Trix will be the first to be introduced with artificial ingredients by the end of this year- 2016. Kraft also excludes preservatives and synthetic color from its cheese and macaroni(DiPierro). Competitive Advantage No threat of new entrants: As a well-established brand with cereal as an established product, Kellogg does not face threat from new entrants Employees: Kellogg Company has its employees as its competitive advantage. Mr.Kellogg realized that employees were the key to his success and hence provided the right working environment for his employees. Success came with successful employees. Farm Power: The customers of Kelloggs are wholesalers as they decide if they are going to sell Kelloggs cereals in their stores. However, the power of Kelloggs is their contact with farmers directly which provides raw-materials from the farm to the firm (Johnson). Website: Kellogg Company manages its website well to keep a watch over the external environement. 6Specific Strategic Actions Kellogg owes its success to knowledge management, which involves identifying consumer preference and taste; translating these preferences into products; linking these products to its brand equity, reinvigorating its brand equity and maintains the interest of children. Dont Change Anything Foundational functional resources and capabilities: This is founded on its link to agricultural growers and mills. By maintaining this contact, it can get its raw material (cereals) at low rates that will bring down costs. Branded servicing and operations will help to keep its competitors away. The focus can also be given to acquire organic cereals to cater to health conscious consumers and to keep up with competitors(MccGuigan, Moyer and Harris). Creative marketing and innovative R D have helped Kellogg to keep up its standard of new products that customers taste and prefer. Kellogg can improve its advertising campaigns through quality benchmarks- to bring familiarity to its product to its customers. It can also rely on cartoon spokespersons in its advertising campaign to capture demand for its brand(Iacobucci) Strategies that should be improvise upon Human resources: Maintaining highly committed employees through training and development(Henry) Supply Chain: Acquiring diverse and the very best in the supplier base RD: By following the principle of pioneer and not follower, it can lead the market Finance: High growth with high returns should be its objective Social Betterment: Focus on stockholder value, customer relations and work for societal betterment Customers: Wal-Mart is one of the top five customers of Kellogg, accounting for one-fourth of its revenue. Kellogg has to strive to get new customers and also look into providing new products to its aging customers (Tybout and Calkins, Kelloggs on Branding: The Marketing Faculty of The Kellogg School of Management). Changes Needed Kellogg has acquired a name for monopolizing the market and overpricing. By restructuring its price strategy through reduced costs, it can capture a wider market. Strategic recommendations for Kellogg To increase advertisement and attract Generation Z who have more customer loyalty To expand its snack catalogue to all age groups, especially targeting men who are becoming more health conscious Conclusion The company analysis on Kellogg has been undertaken through this research study through financial analysis, internal and external analysis through individual analysis by comparison with its competitors and with previous year performance. To an investor, the stock cannot be recommended for investment currently, though it can be kept in the watch list. There are companies in the same sector that can be invested in. Though it is a great company, it is not a good stock to invest in. To investors, strategies that have to be continued and new strategies to be implemented are given. Works Cited Amigiobulls. "Amigobulls stocks." 24 March 2016. Amigobulls. 27 March 2016 https://amigobulls.com/stocks/K/balance-sheet/annual. Baran, Roger and Robert Galka. CRM: The Foundation of Contemporary Marketing Strategy. London: Routledge, 2013. Baxter, Taylor F. Newbies Guide to Pestle Analysis. New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishers, 2015. Beccalli, Elena and Federica Poli. Bank Risk, Governance and Regulation. 2015: Palgrave Macmillan, New York. DiPierro, Amy. "General Mills, Kellogg's Battle to Reclaim Breakfast Tables." The Street 6 23 2015: 1-5. Dranove, David and Sonia Marciano. Kellogg on Strategy:Concepts, Tools, and Frameworks for Practitioners. Vol. 2. Daryaganj: Wiley India (P) Ltd., 2007. Ferrell, O C and Michael D Hartline. Marketing Strategy. South-Western: Cengage Learning, 2011. Fujii, Tomohisa. IT Global Competency Skill and Knowledge for IT Engineer. Sydney: Cengage Learning, 2013. Gibson, Charles H. Financial Reporting and Analysis Using Financial Accounting Information. South-Western: Cengage Learning, 2009. Gupta, Vipin, Kamala Gollakota and Srinivasan. Business Policy and Strategic Management: Concepts and Applications. New Delhi: PHI Learning, 2009. Helpisch, Yves. Python for Finance: Analyze Big Financial Data. New York: O'Reilly Media Inc, 2014. Henry, Anthony. Understanding Strategic Management. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Hitt, Michael, Duane Ireland and Robert Hoskisson. Strategic Management: Competitveness and Globalization. South-Western: Thomson Learning, 2007. Iacobucci, Dawn, ed. Kellogg on Marketing: The Kellogg Marketing Faculty. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2001. Ireland, Duane, Robert Hoskisson and Michael Hitt. Understanding Business Strategy Concept Plus. Vol. II. South-Western: Cengage Learning, 2012. Jiambalvo, James. Managerial Accounting. Danvers: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Johnson, Jennifer. "Kelloggs Strategic Management." 16 February 2012. Kelloggs History . 28 March 2016 . Kellogg. "Kellogg Compay: Corporate Responsibility." 2012 Corporate Responsibility Report Workplace (2012): 1-15. Kieso, Donald, Jerry Weygandt and Terry Warfield. Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2. London: Royal Publishers, 2012. Kuada, John. Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. Mason: Samfunds Literature, 2012. MarketWatch. "Investing Stock Profile." 26 March 2016. Market Watch. 26 Market Watch 2016 https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/k/profile. MccGuigan, James, Charles Moyer and Fredrick Harris. Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategy and Tactics. South-Western: Thomas Learning Inc, 2008. Michael, Porter. Michael E Porter on Competition. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2013. MorningStar. "Financials-Morning Star." 28 March 2016. Morning Star. 28 March 2016 https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t. Murthy, A and Gurusamy. Management Accounting. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009. Nasdaq. "Stock comparison." 27 March 2016. Nasdaq. 27 March 2016 https://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/gis/stock-comparison. Palmer, Joseph. Financial Ratio Analysis: Technical Consulting Practice Aid. Indiana: AICPA, 2010. Porter, Gary A and Curtis L Norton. Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Makers. South Western: Cengage Learning, 2013. . Using Financial Accounting Information: The Alternative to Debits and Credits. Vol. II. South-Western: Cengage Learning, 2013. Scruggs, Thomas and Margo Mastropieri, Applications of Research Methodology. San Diego: Elsevier, 2006. Taylor, Stephen. Managing in a Business Context. London: CIPD House, 2005. Tracy, Axel. Ratio Analysis Fundamentals: How to Analyse any Business on the Planet. Sussex: Natural Selection Inc, 2012. Tybout, Alice and Bobby Calder, Kellogg on Marketing. 2nd Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2010. Tybout, Alice and Tim Calkins. Kelloggs on Branding: The Marketing Faculty of The Kellogg School of Management. Vol. II. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Vandyck, Charles K. Financial Ratio Analysis: A Handy Guideboodk. Ghana: Trafford Publishing, 2006. Weil, Roman, Schipper, Katherine and Jennifer Francis. JenniferFinancial Accounting: An Introduction to Concepts, Methods and Uses. London: Cengage Learning, 2014.

The American Colonies Essays - Thirteen Colonies,

The American Colonies The New England and Southern Colonies were both settled largely by the English. By 1700, the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. The southern colonies have characteristics that are the antithesis of the New England colonies attributes. New England was colonized for Freedom of Worship and freedom of political thought. The Southern colonies were developed for freedom of economic opportunity. The New England colonies had aspirations for a distinct society, where they could show their homeland, how a country should be run. The southern colonies had goals for mercantilism, and increasing the prosperity of England. The New England colonies were based on theocracy, where the state forced the people to live and worship in an orthodox way. The southern colonies(Virginia) had a government based on a royal government, where the state was governed by a governor and council named by the king, and an elected assembly chosen by the people. Finally, the New England colonies wanted to establish the colony for religious motives, while the southern colonies were established for economic motives. England and the rebels of England (Pilgrims), made up the New England and southern colonies. "God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection. Yet we must be knit together in this work as one man."(John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity) This statement by John Winthrop, demonstrates importance of religion in the lives of the New England settlers. "We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." (John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity). The use of the word "together" and "community" indicates that the New England settlers were of a communal nature, they were less individualistic than the southern colonies. The New England colonies were based on religious freedom, thus their society was reflected the religion. "These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's Hope, Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching upon their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken oaths of allegiance and supremacy:" (Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia). The use of the word "Master", shows, that the southern colonies were more of a individualistic state rather than a communal state(New England). This individualism was the effect of the motivation of the southern colonies for economic opportunity. "We whose names are underwritten, being by God's providnce engaged together to make a plantation...." (Articles of Agreement). The New England settlers, again were of a communal nature, in how they are binding together for the good of the community. "We intend by God's grace, as soon as we can with all convenient speed, to procure some Godly and faithful minster with whom we purpose to join in church covenant to walk in the ways of Christ."(Articles of Agreement). The statement above, shows how the minister, was the head of the theocracy, of the small communities. Furthermore, the "Articles of Agreement", demonstates the importance of sharing within the community. This article, was another product of the motivation of the New England settlers for religious freedom. "This court... in the interim recommends [that] all tradesmen and laborers consider the religious end of their callings...". The puritans believed everyone had a specific duty in life, something that one was proficient at. Almost all the mores and society itself radiated from religion, as a result, many people who couldn't endure the rigidity of such a society were exiled and the dissenters created new societies. "The worst[among us were the gold seekers who]with their golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. There was no talk... but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.." (Captain John Smith, History of Virginia). The southern colonists were a people who settled in the southern colonies for econmic motives. The people were more materialistic, and individualistic, thus greed prevailed. Conversely, the New England settlers were of a spiritual nature, and were dispassionate in materialistic matters. The drive of the southern colonists were toward economic prosperity. "For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants(besides Negroes) as there are friedman to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against] the Indians....[This] gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in, while they are

7 Facts about Famous Speakers Who Gave a Graduation Speech

7 Facts about Famous Speakers Who Gave a Graduation Speech If you have been chosen to give a graduation speech, congratulations are at order. Your academic excellence and confidence have definitely attracted the attention of your instructor. However, you now need to create a speech that proves that you were truly the best choice. While you are welcome to take a shortcut and simply pick one of our 20 topics for a graduation speech, you can be inspired by the following seven facts from the graduation speeches of prominent celebrities and well-known personalities. Steve Jobs gave a commencement address at Stanford University graduation ceremony in 2005. The innovator had dropped out of college because it was too expensive. However, he stuck around the college for 18 months and snuck into classes he thought were interesting, including calligraphy class. During his speech, he told the students to follow their hearts and trust them to lead them through. He went on to mention that the worst thing they may face could very well turn out the best thing that could happen, giving them the example of his public dismissal from Apple, which led to NeXT and Pixar as well as meeting his wife. Finally, he urged the students to listen to their inner voice and to stay hungry for knowledge and foolish enough to seek it at all times and places. Naval Adm. William H. McRaven, BJ 77 gave the commencement address at the graduation ceremony of the University of Texas Austin in 2014. During his 20-minute speech, he told students to begin by doing the little things right before moving on to the larger ones. He also advised them to seek the help of others, be it friends, colleagues, or even strangers. To choose the right people though, they would need to assess individuals by their will to succeed rather than their color, education, social status, or ethnic backgrounds. McRaven also went on to explain that people who wanted to change the world should be capable of meeting life’s ups and downs with their heads held high; to slide down obstacles face on, and continue to shine during their darkest moments. David Foster Wallace, the author of â€Å"Infinite Jest†, one of Time Magazine’s100 best English-language novels published since 1923, gave the commencement address at the graduation ceremony of Kenyon College in 2005. His speech became so famous that in 2009 he published its concept in a book called â€Å"This is Water†. In the 2005 speech, the author told students to appreciate keeping things in mind. He went on to explain that they needed to learn and remember important life lessons from the very first time and never forget them regardless of how much trouble they face. Another important concept he focused on was the importance of using higher education to effectively assess others and act appropriately in everyday life. Ellen DeGeneres was the keynote speaker at the 2009 graduation ceremony of Tulane University. The comedian-turned-show-host shared the experiences that made her the confident, free-spirited person she is. She especially focused on the tumble her career took when she decided to tell the truth about her sexuality in order to be true to herself. However, she told the students that she managed to remain true to herself. Despite the hardships she had faced, she managed to succeed and achieve more fame than she imagined. Oprah Winfrey gave a speech at the 2007 Howard University graduation ceremony. She addressed the students, telling them not to be scared since nobody knows for sure where they will go in life. Instead, they may actually be able to succeed simply because they received ample nurturing at the institution. She then goes on to say that everyone has a calling, which is why they are part of this world. Oprah urged them to find out what they are supposed to do and begin doing it. She provided them with examples from her own life, including when she first decided to be on TV despite the entertainment industry’s racist views. Will Ferrell gave an extremely humorous speech at the graduation ceremony of Harvard University in 2003. While some may think the speech was entirely comedic and had no substance to it, it was actually the opposite. The comedian told the students about the real world through his eyes and experiences without sugarcoating it at the least. He explained that their life has been sheltered so far and that the worst is yet to come. One interesting bit of advice Ferrell shared is to question leaders the right number of questions at the right time. J.K. Rowling gave a powerful speech titled ‘The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination at the 2008 graduation ceremony of Harvard University. The author of the ‘Harry Potter’ series went on about her fair share of disappointments, which began when she was not accepted in Oxford University in 1981. She even told students that the fact that they were graduating from Harvard probably meant that they have not been acquainted with failure. However, Rowling told them that they should not let the world decide what constitutes failure, but rather decide its criteria for themselves. Moreover, they should be ready to face inevitable failure head on. After all, to her, it meant stripping individuals from the unnecessary and gaining the determination to learn more about herself. With a new approach and knowledge, she would emerge wiser and stronger. You can use these seven facts to be inspired while writing your own speech. If you do not know how to write a great piece, check out our guide on how to write a speech for graduation for help and tips. Best of luck with your speech! References: Text of Steve Jobs Commencement address (2005). (2005). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from https://news.stanford.edu/2005/06/14/jobs-061505/ Adm. McRaven Urges Graduates to Find Courage to Change the World. (2014). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://news.utexas.edu/2014/05/16/mcraven-urges-graduates-to-find-courage-to-change-the-world This is Water Alumni Bulletin Kenyon College. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://bulletin.kenyon.edu/x4280.html IU Bloomington Newsroom. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/10/michael-uslan-iu-media-school.shtml Commencement. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from https://tulane.edu/grads/ellen-degeneres.cfm Class Day speech June 4, 2003: Will Ferrell. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2003/06/class-day-speech-june-4-2003-will-ferrell/ Text of J.K. Rowling’s speech. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/

Civil Engineering Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Negotiable Instruments in Business Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiable Instruments in Business Law - Article Example Sections 134 to 137 of CHAPTER XVI of the Act relate to International Law. Section 134 regulates the jurisdiction of a foreign instrument;. The liability of the drawer of the instrument will be governed by the law of the place. Likewise, the liability of the holder or acceptor will be regulated by the law of the land of the receiver. Section 135 deals with the place of honoring the instrument. If the place of payment differs, then the matter of honoring it will be decided upon by the law of the place of payment. As per S. 136, if a negotiable instrument is drawn outside India (but) according to Indian Law, that instrument will be valid in India, even though the same is invalid in the place of drawing and accepting it. The last Section promulgates that any foreign country is considered as India in the matter of transacting the negotiable instrument, if not proven otherwise. The legal issue raised in this article is about the provisions contained in Indian Negotiable Instrument Act 1881. Here the modus operandi of the fulfillment of the transaction and its subjectivity and objectivity together with its bindings are discussed in detail. Additionally, the liability and stipulations about the governing jurisdiction on the negotiable instrument transacted are explained. One... Discuss realistic solutions supported by sound legal and business principles.) One can find many defenses to shun responsibility on negotiable instruments and elements connected with forgery, fraud and alterations in relation to negotiable instruments. For instance a drawer of a check can escape its payment by stopping its payment. But such stopping of payments through checks can be done by the drawer in case the check is declared missing or lost. But this loop hole in the law of negotiable instruments Act has been used by many a drawer so that they can escape their debt or liability. Even the amendmentof 1988 to Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act remained silent about stopped payment. Section 138 of the negotiable instruments act of 1881 deals with statutory offence in the matter of dishonour of cheques on the argument of deficiency of funds in the account preserved by a person with the banker. Section 138 of the Act can not be termed as falling in criminal act but they are prohibited under the penalty in public interest. Generally in criminal law presence of guilty intent is an important ingredient of a crime. But the Legislature has the right to create an offence of unlimited liability or stern liability where 'mens rea' is not at all required. The Kerala High Court in K. S. Anto v. Union of India held that: "Knowledge or reasonable belief, that pre requisite could be statutorily dispensed with in appropriate cases by creating strict liability offences in the interest of the Nation." In addition the creation of the strict liability is an efficient measure by promoting greater alertness to avert usual heartless or otherwise stance of drawers of cheques in release of debts or otherwise. The terms as

An Analysis Of The Tui Group Tourism Essay

An Analysis Of The Tui Group Tourism Essay TUI a leading international leisure travel group which has over 200 different tourism brands around the world. The business activities of the TUI Group were attributed to the tourism, logistics and the former industry divisions. Objective of this report is to analyse the strategic position of TUI by applying various tools such as PESTLE, Five forces framework, SWOT and analyse and predict the future implications of its strategic capabilities using Generic strategy and Ansoffs matrix to the case study. Limitations of the tool applied are discussed with the analysis. 2.0 BACKGROUND TUI group earlier known as Hapag Touristik Union of Preussag launched itself in tourism market at the end of 1997 with the purchase of Hapag-Lloyd AG. TUI expended its business using the expansion strategy through acquisition, mergers, and investment through joint ventures all over Europe. TUI AG was spread in three sectors TUI Travel (tour operating, airlines and incoming agencies),  TUI Hotels Resorts  and the cruise ship business form the World of TUI. TUI AG holds, in addition, a financial investment in the container shipping industry. TUI in 2005 was the tour leaders with 3500 travel agencies in 17 countries with 37 incoming agencies. TUI owned more than 100 aircrafts and was the largest Hotelier in Europe with 285 hotels (Case study). Currently, the group owns 43,3 percent stake in Hapag-Lloyd AG. In  the 2008 financial year  TUI AG returned a revenue of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬24.9 billion with total earnings (underlying EBITA) of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬759 million. As at 31 December 2008 the Group had 70,200 employees (TUI group, company profile). 3.0 ENVIRONEMNTAL ANALYSIS: To understand and apply the Environmental analysis on TUI it is essential to perform an internal and an external analysis. External analysis on an industry is further sub-divided in two environment macro-environment and micro-environment. In order to understand the likely impact of these environments on the tourism industry PESTEL analysis and Porters five forces is under taken for possible impacts on the industry competitive strength and advantage over competitors. 3.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS 3.1(a) POLITICAL Political factors have a moderate impact on the performance and the growth on tourism industry. Where Political instability generates negative publicity and the risk perception influences the tourists decisions which results in an unavoidable decrease in tourist arrivals (Hall and O Sullivan, 1996). On the other side Terrorism has led serious tourism crisis, and has been affecting the financial condition significantly in recent periods (Sonmez et al 1999). Terrorist attacks, the Iraq war has reflected a decline of approximately 6.6% in TUIs tourism turnover from the first six months of 2002 to the first six months of 2003 (excluding turnover contributed by Nouvelles Frontiers, which we acquired later in 2002). Health Crisis like SARS in 2003 has also had a traumatic effect on international travel (Case study). 3.1(b) ECONOMICAL Tourism is one of the growing industries, fuelling the growth and employment and has become a critical component of the world of economy. Due to Recession, a downward momentum was seen because most of the tourism operators were handicapped by the high level of fixed assets and less able to manage their airlines and hotel industry(case study). Fluctuations in fuel costs, Exchange rates and currency fluctuations, The Growth of low cost airlines has lead to economic risk in tourism industry. 3.1(c) SOCIO-CULTURE: Change in lifestyle has changed the demands of consumer; they have become more price sensitive and has increased its demand for new experiences. Consumer has developed a new attitude of WAIT AND SEE ATTITUDE (Reisinger 2009) facilitated by last minute purchase resulting in late bookings. As tourism involve movement of people to different locations which calls for cultural clashes. Tourism has also Led to commercialization of local culture, standardization of destinations and adaptation to tourist demands (coastlearn.org) 3.1(d) TECHNOLOGY Use of information technology gave a boost to tourism business for reservations and administrative operations. With the advent of the internet, tour operators can now spread out their activities and make available appropriate information, conquering new customers (Wyner, 2000). With launch of touropa.com in Germany, TUI captured a top position in European market in 2005 with a turnover of 2.6bn euro (Case study). Similarly in Island locations high-tech venue networking was adopted to attract new visitors and to communicate to tourists (The Daily Business Buzz, Nov. 2/09) 3.1(f) LEGAL Air Travel Organizers License ATOL Regulations were imposed on any person who advertises or sells air-inclusive holidays in the United Kingdom,granted by the Civil Aviation Authority. A number of TUIs businesses operating in the United Kingdom, including Thomson Holidays and Lunn Poly, hold ATOLs. There were many European and national restrictions on airline ownership which could loss of airline operating and route licenses and cause other adverse effects on tourism business. TUIs hotels and destination agencies are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the countries in which they operate and, on a periodic basis, must obtain various licenses and permits. They are subject to a broad range of labour, environmental and health and safety regulations in each jurisdiction in which they operate (Listing Memorandum, TUI group). 3.1(g) ENVIRONMENTAL: International tourism can play the role of both victim and villain when it comes to climate change(Holmes 2007 BBC news). To attain sustainability TUI is continuously improving on environmental performance, TUI focuses on ISO 14001 environmental standards. Hence TUI strongly supports the environmental protection policies like, species protection, nature protection and landscape protection. TUIs main area of concern is the efficient use of energy and climate protection. (TUI Group, environment management) 3.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK: A firm needs to neutralise as many as possible of the five forcers in order to create competitive advantage.(Porter 1998) Porter defines five forces impacting a firms competitiveness- threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants in the industry, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, and the intensity of competition within the industry. Understanding the nature of each of these forces gives organizations the necessary insights to enable them to create the appropriate  strategies  to be successful in their market (Thurlby, 1998) . 3.2(a) Threat of New Entrants (Medium) For a new company to launch itself in the tourism industry needs a high investment and innovative ideas to sustain its presence in the highly competitive tourism market. The existing company have the capabilities of providing tailored deals on cheap prices because of their established brands and long chains of tour operator. TUI being the market leaders of tourism industry does not have much effect of threats developed by new entrants. 3.2(b) Bargaining Power of Buyers (High)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tourism industry fluctuates with the buyers changing needs. With increase in competition, buyers have a wider range of services to choose from hence the tourism industry are forced to comply with changing demands and needs of customers. As the switching cost is not too high Brand loyalty is low and with increase in purchasing power of a buyer the likelihood of travelling also increases. Buyers even eliminate the tour operators and prefer make a direct sale from suppliers (hotels, airlines ect). 3.3(c) Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Low)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TUI uses backward integration which means it has its own suppliers; in fact TUI itself acts as its own suppliers. 3.3(d) Threat of Substitutes (High)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the growing world of tourism there is a demand for strategic differentiation. Customers are looking for new experiences, diversified attractions around the world. The wide spread of TUI in Europe increases the threat of substitute due to growth of tourism industry in other parts of world. 3.3(e) Competitive Rivalry (medium) Tourism industry involves many competitors with an approach of performing better than the other. The competition level increases because of distribution of market based on the regional operators, privately owned, highly fragmented, and geographically marketed. Even though there was a moderate level of service differentiation, TUI has sustained the competition because of its brand and leadership in market 4.0 TUIS CURRENT POSITION AND STRATEGY: TUIs strategic goal is to create superior shareholder value by being a global leading leisure travel group providing customers with a wide choice of differentiated and flexible travel experiences to meet their changing needs. TUIs five strategic priorities for sustainable development are Embedding, Climate Change, Destinations, Our People and Our Customers (TUI Travel PLC, Strategy) . Since 1998 to 2005 main focus of TUI was on achieving cost control and differentiating its product in market. This was achieved by adopting Hybrid strategy which is a combination of differentiation, price and cost control (Campbell 2002) refer to Appendix (A). TUI creates enhancing margin quality through product differentiation by creating unique travel experiences for its customers which helps them achieve brand loyalty and competitive advantage. With controlled distribution process the cost of acquisition can be reduced and flexibility is achieved. The five key elements of TUI strategy: Expand our core tourism business Exploit synergies and cost efficiencies across our markets and products Leverage the benefits of our vertically integrated tourism model and our wide distribution network Identify new trends and exploit developments in the tourism industry Continue to grow our container shipping business Over the years TUI has maintained its position as the market leaders of tourism industry by covering all the stages of tourism value chain by owning its own travel agencies, hotels, incoming agencies, airlines and cruises (Business week 2009). It has positioned itself to be its own supplies, buyers and travel services and had become a strong example of vertical integration. Vertical growth can be accomplished by forward and backward integration. Though the vertical integration does not give 100 percent success guarantee in complete value chain, TUI has successfully build its business with selection of travel agencies in European market by having Thomas cook airlines with 100 aircrafts and owning more than 3000 travel agencies (case study). Vertical integration also helps in attracting more customers, differentiate its product and gain more power in market and gain economies of scale by reducing the coordination cost and reducing the profit margins of intermediaries (Enz 2009). Other advantages and disadvantages can be referred in Appendix (B). Major strengths on which TUI had built its leadership and its weaknesses which empowered them to overcome and maintain its position. 4.1 STRENGTHS: TUIs greatest strength is its brand recognition and fully integrated business model with wide spread distribution network to provide operational advantages. TUIs confidence is based on (i) ability to recover increases in input costs, (ii) flexible business model, (iii) delivery of merger synergies, and (iv) diversity of the Groups businesses(TUI Travel Plc, third quarter report). Appropriate strategic choices with the diverse work force and economic of scale in competitive marketing and efficient distribution has proved to be its core competence. TUIs global presence provides wide variety of holiday services and has successful container shipping business. 4.2WEAKNESS TUI Travels existing shareholder loan amounts to approximately  £900 million is the major drawback for TUI (financial times 2009). The consumers are increasingly holding off on booking holidays in order to save money in recession. Whereas limited bookings transparency (growing trend toward short-term travel bookings; uncertain earnings performance) has also effected the revenue growth of TUI. Another factor is the impact of seasonality on sustained growth and performance of nature based tourism. 5.0 CHANGING TRENDS AND TUIs FUTURE: 5.1 Key Drivers of change Beside PESTLE (Appendix (C)) it is important to identify the number of key drivers of changes which are forces likely to affect the structure of a business (Johnson et al 2005). To understand the drivers of changes in tourism industry it is required to analyse the change in consumers behaviour, lifestyle and priorities. In years to come the demographic shifts (ageing population), technology penetration, changes in work pattern, time pressure and changing modes of consumption (further destinations, greater expectations, more specialization) will make heavy impact on travel and tourism industry(Lockwood and Medlik 2002). According to Peter Long, chief executive of TUI Travel (sustainable development report 2008), Sustainability is one of the four key drivers for growth in TUI, the four main drivers for a sustainability programme for TUI Travel: Aviation and climate change Protecting destinations from the impact of climate change Protecting destinations from the impact of tourism Shifting demographics and consumer trends These aspects will analyse progress of TUI which is made towards providing holidays that cause minimal environmental impact, respect the culture and people of destinations, and offer real economic benefit to local communities. 5.2 Ansoffs Matrix According to Johnson et al. (2008) Ansoff Product/market growth can be used to analyse the implications of corporate strategy applied to look for the opportunities open to the industry. This matrix consists of four quadrants which are used to evaluate four types of strategic decision(Appendix (D)). It allows marketers to consider ways to develop the business via existing and/or new products, in existing and/or new markets. With an initial start in tourism business from end of 1997 to 1999 TUI saw a real scope of penetration of its business in German market with its existing products and aim to increase its market share. With a vision of new opportunities TUI expanded its horizons by stepping into European market in 2000 with complete dominance and strong market share with existing products in new markets by taking over Thomson travel group, Nouvelles Frontieres(France) and Fritidsresor(Scandinavia) developing its market. With time TUI focused on Product development and introduced low-cost travel airlines in 2003, setting up TUI china and then increased its cash flow by signing joint ventures in Russia. In 2005 with launch of a virtual tour operator, TUI captured the top position in tourism industry and was able to develop a successful brand Image. In 2005 TUI penetrated in most of the Europe, tourism division was subdivided into the five sectors Central Europe, Northern Europe, Western Europe, destinat ions and other tourism activities. TUI was diversifying geographically and that has helped to compensate the ups and downs of individual countries, which can be due to any macroeconomic factor. TUI has diversified geographically in Europe, India and China. They have also diversified in their business segments in logistics of container shipping department in order to achieve economies of scale. TUI opted consolidation for long term growth and global brand development to ensure cash flow from developed market in economic downturn hence TUI considered consolidation has one of their product and market strategy suggested by Johnson et al.(2008). 5.3 EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS OPPOURTUNITES Changes in emerging and fragmented markets provide greater opportunity for growth in TUI, acquisition and joint ventures can provide a platform to build stronger product portfolio. Improving TUIs local business, improving in marketing, sales and distribution can support growing demands for specialist holidays. Tour operators still have scope for consolidation by easing geopolitical tensions. Refer to Appendix (E) for more information about the opportunities and TUIs approach towards it. THREATS Protracted economic downturn has been a major threat to the tourism industry. Geopolitical uncertainties (terrorist attacks and natural calamities), operators relatively high debts, limited earning transparency of some companies and seasonal-led volatile earnings performances are some other setbacks for tourism industry. Less attention towards environment and global warming may cause a devastating impact on travel business. 6.0 LIMITATIONS OF TOOLS 6.1 PESTEL FACTORS PESTLE analysis is done to simplify the decision making process while following a strategy. PESTLE factors helps in identifying the past trend of an organisation on which future trends are identified. Practically PESTLE analysis makes it difficult for a company to analyse the entire macro-economic factor as it can be very time consuming and costly. In this fast changing environment, capturing adequate data might be difficult and capturing too much of data can cause Paralysis by analysis this predicted data might not be accurate. PESTLE does not help is finding out the level of uncertainty in an organisation. For effective results this process needs to be undertaken on regular basis. (Cipd, 2008). 6.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCE Porters five forces model works on relatively static market structure because of which it cannot explain or analyze todays dynamic changes (Recklies 2001). This model equally imply to all the competitors in an industry and this model cannot be applied in isolation where porter accepted that outcome by applying his framework were only relevant while the macro environment remained constant (Campbell et al., 2002). Five force analyses takes into consideration industry as a whole but it does not segregate different segments. The individual analysis of each of the segment can be of much assistance than industry as a whole. It even assumes that relationships with competitors, buyers and suppliers are adversarial. It oversimplifies industry value chains (Grundy, 2006) and It ignores the human resource aspect of the strategy 6.3 SWOT The SWOT analysis gives an overview of the subject but doesnt help to get the details. The categorization of some aspects as strengths or weaknesses, or as opportunities and threats is to some extent subjective. From the case study numerous strength and weaknesses were identified, but those all were a snapshot of the success and failure on TUI over all business performance. According to Mintzberg (1990) the assessment of strengths and weaknesses may be unreliable, being bound up with aspirations, biases and hopes. Moreover, Frost (2003) describes SWOTs downsides from a managers point of view as it would be difficult for a manager to identify strengths than things they see as wrong with the organization and managers tend to describe an effect as a weakness and do not get to the causes. (Zarkos et al., 2007) states, an opportunity can also be a threat for a company; hence the same problem appears in the distinction of strengths and weaknesses. 6.4 ANSOFFS MATRIX Ansoffs matrix is only focussed on growth of a company it focuses on the tangible aspects of products and services and very little attention is paid to intangible aspect like brand. Another weakness of the Ansoff Matrix approach is that it doesnt really address the issue of brand elasticity as a part of the strategic decision-making process.( pringle and field, 2008). the use of Ansoff matrix as a marketing tool may not be really useful as the matrix is critical for analysing the strategic path that the brand may be following, and does not essentially identify marketing options(Macmillan et al., 2000). 7.0 CONCLUSION In this report the strategic analysis is carried out on TUI tourism industry using various tools. Firstly, macro-environment was analysed to understand the possible impacts on the industry competitive strength and advantage over competitors and develop an appropriate strategy. On a corporate level hybrid strategy and vertical integration was discussed in support to TUIs success. Next segment of internal analysis described TUIs core competences and focussed on future trends of TUI. The analysis of this case study concluded high level of sustainable development which is inimitable. 8.0 REFERENCE LIST Campbell, D., Stonehouse, G. and Houston, B. (2002), Business Strategy: an introduction, 2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann publication, Oxford, UK. Enz, A. C., (2009), Hospitality Strategic Management: Concept and Cases, 2nd Edition,    Haboken, New Jersey. Frost, A. (2003), The Use of Strategic Tools by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: an Australasian study, Strategic Change, Volume. 12, Page: 49-62. Grundy, T. (2006), Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porters five forces model, Strategic Change, Volume. 15, Page: 213-229. Hall, C. And OSullivan, V. (1996), Tourism political stability and violence in Wahab, S. and Christopher P. C.,(2001), Tourism in the age of globalization , pp-234, Routledge. Johnsons, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005), Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, UK. Johnsons, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2008), Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, UK. Lockwood, A. and Medlik, S., (2002), Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st Century, Butterworth Heinemann Macmillan, H. and Tampoe, M. (2000), Strategic Management, Oxford University Press. Available at: http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/ansoff.htm, Access on: 21st Oct 2009, 17.23pm. Mintzberg, H. (1990), The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, Volume. 11, Page: 171-195. Porter, M. E,. (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. The Free Press Pringle, H. And Field, P., (2008), Brand immorality how brands can live long and prosper, Kogan page, IPA Recklies, D. (2001), Five Competitive Force (porter), Available at http://www.12manage.com/methods_porter_five_forces.html, Assessed on: 28th Oct 2009, 8.45pm. Reisinger, Y., (2009),International Tourism: Cultures and Behaviour Elsevire Ltd. Sà ¶nmez, F. S., Tarlow, P.,(1999) Tourism in Crisis: Managing the Effects of Terrorism Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, 13-18 Thurlby, B., (1998), Competitive forces are also subject to change, Management Decision London Zarkos, S., Morgan, R. E. and Kouropalatis, Y. (2007), Real Options and Real Strategies, Strategic Change, Volume: 16, Page: 315-325. http://www.cipd.co.uk, (2008), PESTLE analysis, CIPD, Accessed on 3rd Nov 2009 at 15.56pm http://www.tui-group.com/uuid/68045be7dc26a80404db1d381be42f4b TUI Group Listing Memorandum, Accessed on 1st Nov 2009 at 19.24pm http://www.scribd.com/doc/17015152/TUI-Environmental-ReportTUI TUI Group Environmental report, Accessed on 5th Nov 2009 at 12.03am http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot_article.asp?ric=TUIGn.DE Business week 2009 , TUI AG(Consumer Directory sector, hotels restaurants and leisure) Accessed on 8th Nov 2009 at 13.33pm http://www.dailybusinessbuzz.ca/2009/11/02/pe-cutting-edge-technology-to-boost-tourism/ Daily business buzz, Cutting -edge technology to boost tourism 8th Nov 2009 at 22.54pm http://www.coastlearn.org/tourism/why_socioimpacts.html Coast learn, Sustainable Tourism : Socio-Culture Impact, Accessed on 6th Nov 2009 at 16.22 pm http://www.tui-group.com/en/sustainability/env_management TUI Group , Environment management and ecological sustainability, Accessed on 29th Oct 2009 at 16.16pm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7094559.stm Holmes, S., 2007 How to make tourism greener , BBC news, Accessed on 8th Nov 2009 at 23.08pm http://www.tui-group.com/en/company/profile TUI Group, company profile Accessed on 30th Oct 2009 at 09.52am www.tuitravelplc.com/tui/uploads//TUITravelQ3Results.pdf TUI Travel Plc, third quarter report 2008, Accessed on 25th Nov 2009 at 11.52am http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/258da2ca-acd0-11de-91dc-00144feabdc0.html Yuk, K. P., 2009 TUI Travel takes steps to refinance loan, Accessed on 7th Nov 2009 at 22.14pm http://sd2008.tuitravelplc.com/tui-sd/pages/aboutthisreport/datamaterialityTUI Group, sustainability report 2008, Accessed on 28th Oct 2009 at 20.22pm 9.0 APPENDIX: APPENDIX (A) Market price responsiveness Price insensitivity Price sensitivity Cost-based Strategy Differentiation Strategy Stuck in the middle strategy Hybrid strategies Appropriate strategic approach Adopted form David Campbell, George Stonehouse andBill Houuston , Business Strategy (2000), 2nd edition. APPENDIX (B) Advantages and Disadvantages of vertical Integration Advantages Disadvantages Can eliminate steps and reduce duplication 1)need for overheads to coordinate vertical integration Avoid time consuming tasks and negotiate contracts Burden of excess capacity if not at all output is used. Improve marketing or technological intelligence Obsolete process may be penetrated Can create differentiation through coordination process Reduce strategic flexibility due to being locked in a business Provide superior control of firms market environment May link to an unprofitable adjacent business Offers an increased ability to create credibility for new products. May not be potential for synergy Adopted from Enz, A. C., (2009), Hospitality Strategic Management: Concept and Cases, 2nd Edition. Appendix (C) FACTORS REASONS POLITICAL/LEGAL Political instability of developing countries Government regulations and regulatory reforms. High taxation policies of developed countries. labour, environmental and health and safety regulations ECONOMICAL Rise in disposable income in developing countries Currency fluctuation. Rise in fuel cost Emerging market. SOCIAL Changing priorities of consumers Health and safety concerns Urbanisation. Disposal income in consumer level TECHNOLOGY Use of information technologies systems for reservations Use of internet Implementation of new sales and distribution channels Enhanced flexibility ENVIRONMENT Natural calamities Global warming limitation on carbon emission Appendix D STRATEGIC DIRECTION ANSOFF MATRIX Existing Product New Product A Market Penetration Consolidation B Product Development C Market Development D Diversification Existing Market New Market Adapted from H. Ansoff, Corporate Strategy, Penguin, 1988, Chapter 6 Appendix (E) Opportunity Our goal Embedding into our core business Ensure our business decisions take into account sustainable development principles Operational impacts Minimise the negative sustainability impacts (particularly on climate change) of our day-to-day operations Supply chain management Support our supply chain in managing their sustainability impacts Choice editing Edit out the holiday options that do not meet our minimum sustainability standards Choice influencing Make it easy for customers to choose a more sustainable holiday Awareness raising Help customers appreciate the sustainability impacts of tourism, driving demand for more sustainable holidays Changing behaviour   Encourage customers to change their actions in a way that maximises the positive and minimises the negative impacts of their holiday Innovation and product development   Develop new, more sustainable experiences in response to demand   Collaborating with our industry   Share best practice with others in the tourism industry where our competitiveness is not affected   Advocacy   Use our influence responsibly and in line with our commitment to sustainable development   Putting something back   Put something back into the environment or community wherever we cannot avoid a negative impact   http://sd2008.tuitravelplc.com/tui-sd/pages/ourapproach/ourstrategy?whoareyou=addstudent=truesubmit=Submit Threat of new Entrant Innovative ideas Wide range of holiday packages Threat of substitute Worldwide tourism attractions